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Cyrtandra pickeringii

A.Gray (1861)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small shrubs probably only 1–2 m tall.

Stems: Stems apparently branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, borne on upper 3–7 nodes. Those leaves of a pair usually unequal, nearly symmetrical, oblanceolate, elliptic–oblanceolate, or occasionally elliptic, 9.5–28 cm long, 2.6–7.5 cm wide. Apex long-acuminate. Base long-attenuate. Upper surfaces moderately to sparsely hirtellous, densely so when young; lower surfaces moderately to densely velvety pilose, the hairs yellowish brown, becoming purplish brown on petiole, blades chartaceous. Margins serrate. Petioles 1.3–8.8 cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–6 in open cymes arising in the leaf axils, densely shaggy dark reddish brown villous throughout, peduncles stout, 15–40 mm long, pedicels slender, 15–30 mm long, bracts lanceolate, distinct or occasionally connate, 8–15 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, broadly saucer-shaped, 8–12 mm long, cleft ca. ¼–1⁄2 its length, the lobes broadly elliptic, long–villous, moderately so within, apex acuminate, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube cylindrical, curved, 7–10 mm long, moderately villous, lobes unknown. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, ovary glabrous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 7–8 mm long, sparsely pilose; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ellipsoid; 1.5 cm long (immature); glabrous; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; usually less than ca. 1 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Known only from scattered collections in diverse mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 150–340 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 350 (1861)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:773 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra pickeringii Hanalei Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 132 Kauai BISH 1909-08-05
2 Cyrtandra pickeringii Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 263 Kauai BISH
3 Cyrtandra pickeringii Wahiawa Mts Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 223 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
4 Cyrtandra pickeringii Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23128 Kauai BISH
5 Cyrtandra pickeringii Hii Mts Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 656 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
6 Cyrtandra pickeringii Kamalomaloo, Pohakuhapai Ditch Trail Wet shaded gulch under Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen Lvs. chartaceous, rough hairy, above dark green, below whitish green. St.John, H. 23128 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
7 Cyrtandra pickeringii Lihue District, Iole headwaters Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with matting ferns of Diplopterygium & Dicanopteris w/ Broussaisia arguta, Touchardia latifolia, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Kadua affinis, Melicope wawraena, Vaccinium calycinum, Coprosma kauaense, Dubautia laxa, D. pale Preserved_Specimen shrub, 1 m tall, moderately branched, in flower Wood, K.R. 15657 Kauai BISH 2013-08-28
8 Cyrtandra pickeringii Waioli-Waipa ridge, 50 yds W of crest Opening in wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Plant bushy, 4 ft tall. Christensen, C. 216 Kauai BISH 1977-06-04
9 Cyrtandra pickeringii Wainiha Valley, S branch of S branch of stream below Hono-o-Na Pali Near stream bed in shady wet forest Preserved_Specimen Branching shrub, 6 ft. Christensen, C. 263 Kauai BISH 1977-07-19
10 Cyrtandra pickeringii Moloaa Forest Reserve, near Kawalumakua Peak Relic Metrosideros mixed mesic forest. W/ Acacia koaia, Dicranopteris linearis, Psychotria mariniana, Bobea elatior, Hibiscus clayi, Pisonia sandwicensis, Bidens forbesii, Pleomele aurea, Ochrosia kauaiensis, Euphorbia celastroides var. am Preserved_Specimen tree, 1.5 m tall, 6 cm diameter at base, in flower and fruit, single plant seen, no other Cyrtandra observed Wood, K.R. 14717 Kauai BISH 2011-07-17
11 Cyrtandra pickeringii Waioli Valley (location according to the label on the herbarium sheet, however according to Forbes' field note-book he was in Hanalei Valley on August 5 1909. See sheet #423049, which has the same collector's number) Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 132 Kauai BISH 1909-08-05
12 Cyrtandra pickeringii Wahiawa Mts, windward slope between relay towers and Mt Kahili Under ohia canopy along drainage areas. Preserved_Specimen Shrub or treelet to seven ft. Flynn, T.W. 2066 Kauai BISH 1987-03-03
13 Cyrtandra pickeringii Koloa, E slope of ridge from Lauhihaihai peak to Mt. Kahili steep; low, wet shrubland; Metrosideros, Scaevola, Dicranopteris, Pritchardia flynnii, Isodendrion, Melastoma, Psidium, Paspalum Preserved_Specimen 60 cm shrub; stems and leaves velvety brown pubscent; calyx pale green, corolla greenish white; fruit white, ellipsoid Lorence, D.H. 9528 Kauai BISH 2006-10-16
14 Cyrtandra pickeringii Wainiha Valley, S branch of S branch of stream below Hono-o-Na Pali Near stream bed in shady wet forest Preserved_Specimen Branching shrub, 6 ft. Christensen, C. 263 Kauai BISH 1977-07-19
15 Cyrtandra pickeringii Limahuli Valley Wet ohia-Eugenia forest near stream, in dark wet clay soil and loose rock. With Astelia, Gouldia, Pipturus, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Cheirodendron, Antidesma. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 ft. x 1-2 in. with 8 heads. Perlman, S. 190 Kauai BISH 1978-07-05
16 Cyrtandra pickeringii Koloa District. Wahaiwa drainage, slopes of Kapalaoa, south of Waimea-Koloa district boundary, Lihue-Koloa Forest reserve, north of Kanaele swamp. Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopters linearis wet forest Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomala, Polyscias waialeale, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Bobea brevipes, Psychotria mariniana, Cyanea kahilensis. weeds: Psidium cattleianum Preserved_Specimen Herb 2 ft ht with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 23466 Kauai BISH 2013-05-21
17 Cyrtandra pickeringii Puu Kahili, base of mt, above fork of Wahiawa Stream; forest reserve boundary road In wet forest, near bog [Kahili swamp]. Preserved_Specimen Golden hairy. Stone, B.C. 795 Kauai BISH 1955-06-15
18 Cyrtandra pickeringii NE of Kapalikea, Hanalei Dark gulch at 500 ft. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20517 Kauai BISH 1950-02-04
19 Cyrtandra pickeringii Kamalomaloo, Pohakuhapai Ditch Trail Wet shaded gulch under Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen Lvs. chartaceous, rough hairy, above dark green, below whitish green. St.John, H. 23128 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
20 Cyrtandra pickeringii First N fork of Wahiawa Stream, NW of Wahiawa bog Dense wet forest with moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros with understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 species), Dicranopteris (in open areas), 3 spp. of Cyrtandra, Labordia hirtella (in upper part). Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 1.5 m tall, sparingly branched. Wagner, W.L. 6022 Kauai BISH 1988-04-07
21 Cyrtandra pickeringii Kamalomaloo, Pohakuhapai Ditch Trail Wet shaded gulch under Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen Lvs. chartaceous, rough hairy, above dark green, below whitish green. St.John, H. 23128 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
22 Cyrtandra pickeringii Lihue District; Waiahi, upper southern headwaters. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet foerst with dissecting drainages and matting ferns of Diplopterygium and Dicranopteris, with Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Pipturus albidus, P. ruber, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidisma platyphylla, Polyscias oahuensis, Kadua affinis, Melico Preserved_Specimen shrub, 1 meter tall, moderately branched, with fruit, observed with C. paludosa microcarpa and C. longifolia Wood, K.R. 15837 Kauai BISH 2017-02-20
23 Cyrtandra pickeringii First N fork of Wahiawa Stream, NW of Wahiawa bog Dense wet forest with moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros with understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 species), Dicranopteris (in open areas), 3 spp. of Cyrtandra, Labordia hirtella (in upper part). Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 1.5 m tall. Wagner, W.L. 6059 Kauai BISH 1988-04-10
24 Cyrtandra pickeringii Limahuli Valley Wet ohia-Eugenia forest near stream, in dark wet clay soil and loose rock. With Astelia, Gouldia, Pipturus, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Cheirodendron, Antidesma. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 ft. x 1-2 in. with 8 heads. Perlman, S. 190 Kauai BISH 1978-07-05
25 Cyrtandra pickeringii Makaleha, Kamalii Ridge in a side ravine Side of ravine Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 112 Kauai BISH 1969-06-14
26 Cyrtandra pickeringii Wahiawa Valley With Phyllostegia, Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Antidesma, Ilex, Psychotria, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon along stream, 2-4 ft shrub. Perlman, S. 442 Kauai BISH 1979-09-18
27 Cyrtandra pickeringii Lihue District. Kamooloa, northern branch. Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Diplopterygium lowland wet forest w/ Kadua affinis, Bobea brevipes, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Polyscias oahuensis, Antidesma platyphylla, Myrsine fernseei, Pritchardia hardyi, Melicope feddei, M. wawraeana, M. clusiifolia, Broussaisia Preserved_Specimen Shrub or small tree, 2 m tall, stems brown, leaves green w/ slight orange-brown tinge on younger leaves, w/ flower and fruit, common. Wood, K.R. 17882 Kauai BISH 2018-07-11
28 Cyrtandra pickeringii Hanalei District. Pohakea ridge, Western upper slopes of Hanakapiai Valley steep north facing upper slopes in a mixed we/mesic transition zone. Dominant ecotype of the area is Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Lowlamd Fern Forest, but there are pockets of higher diversity and Metr Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrina, Cheirodendron fauriei, Bobea elatior, Pritchardia perlmannii, Coprosma waimeae, Boehmeria grandis, Charpentiera elliptica, Ilex anomola, Dicranopteris linearis. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 m tall, densely covered in fine hairs, mostly light colored, but becoming tannish in petioles to dardk brownish black on place on the stem. Corolla white, pubescent on exterior, Calyx campanulate, densely pubsecent. Bracts on peducle where inflorescence branches are prominent. Fruit is large and white, ellipsoi. Lat/Long: 22.189186, -159.603741 Williams, A.M. 250 Kauai BISH 2016-04-05
29 Cyrtandra pickeringii First N fork of Wahiawa Stream, NW of Wahiawa bog Dense wet forest with moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros with understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 species), Dicranopteris (in open areas), 3 spp. of Cyrtandra, Labordia hirtella (in upper part). Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 1.5 m tall, sparingly branched. Wagner, W.L. 6022 Kauai BISH 1988-04-07
30 Cyrtandra pickeringii Wahiawa Mts, NE of Hulua, along stream banks, to W of main Wahiawa stream Along stream banks, in Metrosideros-Cheirodendron spp. lowland wet forest with Broussaisia, Melicope, Hedyotis, Freycinetia, Pritchardia, Antidesma, Psychotria, Elaphoglossum, Viola helenae, Cyrtandra, Hesperomannia, Dicranopteris. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5982 Kauai BISH 1987-06-20
31 Cyrtandra pickeringii Wahiawa Mts, Lihue-Koloa Forest Reserve, drainage below Kapalaoa Peak and below Hulua Peak and above Kanaele Bog. Wet degraded Psidium-Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris Forest w Diplopterygium, Antidesma, Broussaisia arguta, polyscias oahuensis, Cyanea fissa, Pritchardia flynnii, Psidium cattleianum, Clidemia, Hedyotis terminalis, Ilex anomala, Labordia, Melicope, Dubautia Preserved_Specimen 2ft tall, unbranched; lvs dark green above w. impressed venation and red-brn hairs, below grey-green w red-brn hairs; stem w. brown hairs toward apex and tan toward base; flw zygo, calyx w. dark brown hairs; fruit hanging, 2 fruit LC#120487 Tangalin, N. 3275 Kauai BISH 2012-08-13
32 Cyrtandra pickeringii Wahiawa Mts, along left side stream Wet forest near stream - ohia, Scaevola, moss-covered slope: 30 degrees. Exposure: SE facing. Light: Deep shade. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4'-8' branching. Flws white. Many fruit, few flws. Perlman, S. 488 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
33 Cyrtandra pickeringii Koloa Distr., Lihue-koloa Forest Reserve, Wahiawa drainage; SW of Kapalaoa In diverse forest of Metrosideros spp., Tetraplasandra spp., Cheirodendron, Psychotria, Labordia spp., Syzygium, Cyrtandra spp., Embelia, Antidesma, Scaevola spp., Bidens spp., Wikstroemia, Broussaisia, Coprosma, Sadleria, Cibotium, Hedyotis spp., Diplazium, Athyrium, Marchantia, and invaded by Psidium cattleianum and Rubus rosifolius. Preserved_Specimen Shrub of four ft. in moderately shaded understory; leaves dark dull green above, dull yellow-green below. Flynn, T.W. 4610 Kauai BISH 1991-04-20
34 Cyrtandra pickeringii Along Makaleha Stream wall of Northeast most gorge and waterfall. Degraded Riparian Wet Lowland Forest Pisonia, Microsorum, Microlepia, Freycinetia, Pluchea, Psidium guajava, Metrosideros, Clidemia, Justica, weedy grasses Preserved_Specimen 5 ft. up, multi-branching shrub. Underside of leaf white-green and top medium green w/ yellow-brn hairs. Inflorescence pendent. Lvs floppy Tangalin, N. 2939 Kauai BISH 2011-12-30
35 Cyrtandra pickeringii Kamalomaloo, Pohakuhapai Ditch Trail Wet shaded gulch under Hibiscus. Preserved_Specimen Lvs. chartaceous, rough hairy, above dark green, below whitish green. St.John, H. 23128 Kauai BISH 1947-12-29
36 Cyrtandra pickeringii Wahiawa Stream Ohia dieback and Dicranopteris understory with mixed shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 6078 Kauai BISH 1988-04-11
37 Cyrtandra pickeringii Waioli-Waipa ridge, 50 yds W of crest Opening in wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Plant bushy, 4 ft tall. Christensen, C. 216 Kauai BISH 1977-06-04
38 Cyrtandra pickeringii Iole Ridge Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland wet shrubland with small pockets of mixed wet forest below ridgeline with Broussaisia arguta, Melicope feddei, Psychotria mariniana & P. wawrae, Kadua affinis, Antidesma platyphylla, Alyxia stellata, Syzygium sandwicensis, Dubautia laxa Preserved_Specimen shrub, 50 cm tall, few branched, in deep shade, occasional Wood, K.R. 15251 Kauai BISH 2012-09-21
39 Cyrtandra pickeringii Wahiawa Valley With Phyllostegia, Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Antidesma, Ilex, Psychotria, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon along stream, 2-4 ft shrub. Perlman, S. 442 Kauai BISH 1979-09-18
40 Cyrtandra pickeringii Hii Mts Preserved_Specimen Corolla curved. Forbes, C.N. 654 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
41 Cyrtandra pickeringii Ka Loko Reservoir. (Kilauea) ditch mauka of reservoir Preserved_Specimen Corolla markedly bent. Forbes, C.N. 507 Kauai BISH 1916-10-07
42 Cyrtandra pickeringii Hii Mts Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
43 Cyrtandra pickeringii Ka Loko Reservoir. (Kilauea/ Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 533 Kauai BISH 1916-10-07
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